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Composting
Toilet
A
composting toilet is a waterless toilet designed to
compost wastes deposited into the receptacle. The principle
of operation is the digestion of human wastes and food scraps
by microorganisms. Compost that is generated during the treatment
process must periodically be removed. A bulking agent, such
as sawdust, must be added to absorb liquids and help control
odors. The advantages include the production of fertilizer,
low maintenance, and water conservation. Disadvantages can
include a high initial investment and considerable space allocation.
Low-flow
Toilet
Low-flow
toilets and ultra low-flow toilets
use 1.6 gallons or less of water per flush. They generally
cost more than conventional units, but pay for themselves
over time by lowering the water bill. New construction requires
the installation of low-flow toilets.
Incinerating
Toilet
Wastes
are deposited directly into a toilet receptacle with a combustion
chamber for incineration. Incineration takes place on a grid
within the combustion chamber fueled by electricity, gas,
or oil. Heat-insulating materials surround the grid. An exhaust
flue vents vapors. A small amount of ash is generated from
the incinerated sanitary wastes and must be periodically removed.
Liquids evaporate during the incineration process. Costs depend
on the energy source used to operate the incinerating toilet.
Chemical/Portable
Toilet
In
chemical toilets, wastes drop directly into a receptacle
containing a deodorizing chemical. Periodic pumping and recharging
of the receptacle are required. Generally less than one pint
of liquid waste is generated per use. Wastes are discharged
into a holding tank contained within the unit and must be
pumped out on a regular basis.
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